recoveries have been increasingly jobless no mat thor who has been in charge. the consultants at mckenzie point out that every recession from world war ii through the 1980s, it took us around six months to recover lost jobs, but after the 1990 recession, it took us 15 months to recover those jobs, and after the 2001 recession, it took 39 months. and after the 2008 downturn, mckenzie sas itwill take 60 month, five whole years to get back to where we were. why has this grown over the last 40 years? part of the explanation is the technology and globalization makes it easier for the work to be done by machines or cheap labor overseas. maybe it is great for companies and capital, but it places tough pressures on the american worker. so what can be done? in this hour, we are going to

offer you a global perspective on jobs, taking you around the world to look for solutions to our unemployment crisis. we'll visit europe, asia and the middle east. we will also visit chicago, where i spoke to president obama's former chief of staff, now mayor, rahm emanuel. he is trying a bold, local periment that washington refuses to try. but first, let's look at how to solve one of the most crucial aspects of the jobs crisis, what to do about youth unemployment, which often turns into enduring adult unemployment. over 16% of americans under 25 are jobless. one country in europe may have a solution. let's get started.

meet florian vols, 23, just a few years out of high school. in the u.s., he would have a one in six chance of being unemployed as a young adult. but somes lives in germany, where the youth unemployment rate is half of ours. one of the reasons for that germany's apprentice system. he has an apprenticeship at seimans, the high-tech energy giant. the company gives him three years of paid training, a guaranteed job offer, plus he attends a vocational school. >> we know that we can work afterwards here and have a job and a fixed job. >> reporter: seimans isn't the only german company offering this sweet deal. businesses in almost every industry offer paid training, and in most case, a full-time job, while the government provides a free vocational education. almost two-thirds of germany's young people take part in

apprenticeships. >> it ranges from hair dresser training to, you know, running a nuclear power plant. >> reporter: semen's peter solmon says his company is training around 10,000 apprentices in germany. there is a hefty price tag for each training, over $120,000. that's major investment. >> it is. >> and you think you get a return on it? >> we know we do. >> and other companies in germany do similar things? >> this is not forced upon us. we believe it's a good business model. and i think that germany's success as an exporting company is based on this skill. >> reporter: germany's success has been nothing short of remarkable. once known as the sick man of europe, the country enacted reform, cut costs and went through a painful period of restructuring. in 2005, unemployment peaked at over 11%, much higher than the

eurozone and the united states. but the changes had made germany much more competitive. manufacturing exports started soaring and during the global recession, unemployment actually went down in germany while everyone else's went up. germany's apprentice system, providing a wealth of high-skilled workers, had a lot to do with that success. apprentices at seimans get a crash course in cutting-edge manufacturing. and also work on their own projects. they can even get a bachelor's degree. >> i think there's a sense in the united states that this apprenticeship training is somehow a lid on a kid's career and it's quite the opposite. >> i already got my prototype working. >> reporter: when apprentices complete their training, they get a certificate that's accepted throughout their industry so they can even work for another company if they want. but at seiman's, over 85% end up staying after all that free training.

>> that kind of investment that kind of participation with the employee, ends up in creating loyalty. [ speaking german ] >> reporter: linchpin of germany's apprentice system is collaboration. the companies, the vocational schools, the government and the trade unions all work together to make sure that industry and its future workforce are compatible. >> so, it is almost like a triangle between government, private business and educational institutions? >> exactly. and that's what makes it difficult to export to other countries. >> reporter: in the u.s., our patch work system of job training programs is one of the reasons why we have 3 1/2 million job openings left unfilled. but near seiman's plant in charlotte, north carolina, the company has found a worthy partner. central piedmont community college has been running a program where students earn a degree and get trained by local manufacturers, just like in germany.

>> it's not rocket science. the germans have been doing this forever. >> reporter: seiman's pam house says their first apprentices will fill vacant positions at the plant as veteran workers retire. >> i can live with the 93rd. >> reporter: but house faces a big challenge, convincing students that a four-year college degree isn't the only route to success. >> it was never a plan for me to be working in any type of industrial factory. >> so we need to lose loosen these. >> reporter: hope johnson was an honors student in high school. >> that's good. >> reporter: and says her parents really wanted her to attend a university. but as a math and science enthusiast, hope loved the high-tech facility and her parents loved the free tuition. >> you just focused old your grades and you focus on what you're learning in the factory because they are paying for everything. >> reporter: now, johnson is learning how to operate the

machines that build seiman's massive generators. >> i talked to my friends, they are working at fast food restaurants. they are working at grocery stores and then i work in a giant factory making stuff for power plant and so you can't beat that. >> reporter: but the big question whether or not apprenticeship programs like seimans can be scaled up and offered all over the country. more companies will need to invest in training and attitudes toward blue collar work will need to change. >> in germany, they are called the blue men, because they wear blue overalls and very proud of being blue menner. very proud. >> how do we achieve that cultural shift? in america, that wasn't true. >> i think it was true. i think it was true. these words apprentice, journeyman for a long time u benjamin franklin was an apprentice a long time this is

something in our history, decided to bring it back. >> reporter: if germany decides to return to its roots to help next generation find jobs, another country has a way to help the current workforce. its unemployment rate is only 5%. how do they do it? stay with us. [ male announcer ] citi turns 200 this year. in that time there've been some good days. and some difficult ones. but, through it all, we've persevered, supporting some of the biggest ideas in modern history. so why should our anniversary matter to you? because for 200 years, we've been helping ideas move from ambition to achievement. and the next great idea could be yours. ♪

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so, germany shows us how to get young people into an employment pipeline. but what about people who are already employed? how do we make sure they stay employed through the peaks and troughs of the national economy, through the highs and lows of their industry? for that we traveled to the netherlands, which has one of the lowest unemployment rates in europe. what's their secret? it's something called flex security. come with me and i will explain. >> i started as mechanic, then testers and trouble shooter. >> reporter: patricia vander rain is works at phillips, make

everything from simple light bulbs to high-tech medical equipment. she never went to college but phillips has trained her to do three different jobs, her stint as a mechanic was on the assembly line. she was a coil tester. and now, she is a troubleshooter for the mri machines that help scan patients' bodies in hospitals around the world. why? in the netherlands, it is all about making sure people can stay employed despite any economic curve balls. >> not about the same job lifetime employment but about keeping people employable. >> reporter: tillburg university professor tan will taggen advised the european commission to help eu countries create more and better jobs. that earned him a unique nickname. >> people started to call me mr. flex security. whether this is a good name or a bad name depends because it's still a real debate, you know? >> reporter: flex security is a fiercely debated concept that was first coined in denmark.

it combined ideas from both sides of the atlantic. on the one hand, american american-style flexibility, the ability for employers to hire and fire with relative ease. on the other, a traditional europe-style security net, making sure the employee is taken care of if they are fired or laid off. but in the wake of austerity with unemployment soaring, some argue the danish fairy tale lost its plot. so the nether lands does flexibility a little bit differently. a centerpiece of the dutch system is something call a mobility center, a partnership among companies that helps people find their next job

instead of being let go. ceo of phillips, one of the largest employers in the nether lands. >> we also invest in their reemploy ability, so that the skills maybe phillips no longer may need but could be useful in other companies will be made available. >> reporter: in america an employer facing a downturn would simply lay off employees. in the netherlands, they are sent to the mobility center where a great effort is made to find them work with one of the other partner companies. it helps companies share risks in bad times while still actively maintaining trained workforce that they can tap into in good times. >> everybody needs workers because it is an aging society so they need to -- the support of other companies. so, it's like a joint interest. >> reporter: it also helps the bottom line, adds professor tom will taggen. companies have a huge incentive to place the worker elsewhere. if they don't, they have to pay the employee's unemployment benefits for up to 38 months. >> by working together with other companies in the mobility center, it is something that we do not have the to carry on our own, but rather, it becomes a

job market and the attractiveness of a job market is that it facilitates people, make a demand and supply meet and that's what we all want. >> phillips ceo franz van houten is leading an industry that is undergoing a major revolution. >> at this moment in lighting, we see a major shift from traditional lamps to l.e.d. lighting, but it has, as an unintended consequence that some of the older technologies become obsolete. >> as technologies evolve, oftentimes, jobs become redundant too instead of laying off incandescent worker, phillips might try to move them to other jobs in the company. remember patricia you met earlier who has trained a the three different jobs? if one goes away, she has skills for another. >> i think i'm in a better position in the job market now than a couple of years ago. >> reporter: and if that doesn't

work, there's the mobility center. >> if she want to lay off somebody it will actually cost money and that money usually goes to the employee. in the mobility center, we invest some of the money that may actually go for con pen sitting the layoff in actually helping the employee find another position. >> reporter: it's a win/win for the company and for its employees. in some cases, companies like phillips even temporarily pay the difference in people's salaries if they have to take lower-paying jobs. it is work, transition and training programs like these that have helped the netherlands' unemployment rate drop 60% since the 1980s. but the dutch have also taken the flexibility part of flex security to the next dimension. half of the population, 77% of women and 25% of men, work part time. so there are simply more jobs to go around. and people largely like the balance says professor will

taggen. >> those people, most of them do not want a full-time job, that is part of the dutch model. >> reporter: of course, these protections are so expensive that companies are also starting to rely more and more on temporary agency workers who enjoy most of the same rights as regular workers but can be dismissed more easily. and that, says will taggen, could lead to greater inequality. but overall, he adds, there's a reason the netherlands has one of the best trained and most productive labor forces in the world. >> it's not only corporate social responsibility but it is also self-interest. it is a small country. we want to be competitive, so, let's not waste the human capital, the talent that's here. let's try to keep it in our region. >> the key lesson america can take from holland and germany is that companies are giving incentives to invest in their workers so that even when they

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we have seen how germany gets young people into the workforce and how the netherlands keeps people there.

but what about government supporting specific industries in order to help create jobs? yes, i'm talking about industrial policy, a taboo subject in america. but government support for industry is worth examining, because it has created a lot of jobs for some of the world's fastest-growing economies. it's a busy day at this ship building plant in uslan, south korea. over 10,000 workers churn out a massive new ship every three days. 40 years ago, this ship yard didn't even exist and south korea's ship building industry was tiny. but today, this is the number one ship builder in the world. with an industry that supports a huge number of jobs.

>> almost half the world's ships are made in south korea. >> reporter: michael lind, co-founder of the american foundation runs the think tanks program on economic growth. he points you that the south korea's dictator in the 1960s and '70s, pack chung he, gave subsidies to develop heavy industries like steel, ship building and cars. the companies that were backed, hyundai, lg and samsung, are now household names. other asian countries, like china and japan, funded industry too often within impressive results. >> together, they had 8% of global ship building in 1975 this year, they have more than 90%. it is entirely product of

industrial policy and in particular, subsidies by governments. >> reporter: u.s. ship building once thrived, says lind, thanks in part to subsidies but in the 1980s, president reagan eliminated many of those subsidies. how is the industry doing today? >> the united states has 0.5% of commercial sea going, ship building right now. of course, industrial policy can be a losing strategy, too. the government is spending all this mound favoring one industry over the other. it is going to make massive mistakes. >> you get a misallocation of resources. >> reporter: look at the company solyndra got a big funding from president obama's department of energy and went bankrupt, costing taxpayers half a billion dollars. the federal government might you can wary after the solindra disaster but one state is getting into the game in a different way. an initiative in albany made new york a leader in a cutting-edge industry, nanotechnology. >> innovation going to have significant implications for society.

>> reporter: dr. alan calieros, physicist, inventor and fully licensed nanogeek, heads the college of nanoscale science and engineering, which is part of the state university of new york. what is nanotechnology anyway? >> the core of it is the know how of how to manage individual atoms and molecules. >> reporter: nanotechnology shows up everywhere in our lives from medicine to computer chips. calieros and state officials convinced over 300 nanotech companies to come to albany, creating 15,000 jobs across new york. >> the average wage for one of those jobs is $92,000. we are talking about $1.3, $1.4 billion in wages alone going into the state's economy. >> reporter: how did they do it? using an industrial policy of sorts. >> reporter: how did they do it?

but with a caveat. >> not a single dollar goes to the companies. >> reporter: in the mid-1990s, then-governor mario cuomo approved a $1 million grant to the state university of new york to create a nanotech research hub that companies could use. companies started giving money, too because the cost of having their own research facilities was a huge expense. >> they can't afford doing it on their own. so had he love to partner with us. >> reporter: big names like ibm, intel and samsung all got into the mix, creating a massive center of innovation. new york state has given $1 billion to the college. but companies have given over $13 billion. >> we are not picking winners and losers. were return not picking specific companies or specific adaptations of technology. you are creating a kind of open infrastructure which anybody can use? >> absolutely. >> reporter: the college has lifted the economy, giving many workers a second chance. john keefe was laid off from a

paper manufacturer after working there almost 23 years. he and some of his former co-workers were retrained by the college to work in the ultrasterile clean room where computer chips are made. putting on the required bunny suit felt odd at first but kiefer has got used to it. >> aim very happy here, they take very good care of me, i'm hoping to retire from here. >> reporter: the next step is to apply the nanotech research hub model to other industries. the college received over $56 -- $57 million from the department of energy to form a hub for the solar companies. you think this is a better mod than had the solyndra model giving the money to an individual company? >> absolutely. the white house you can the federal government, have to look at how it does things.

down the don't pick winners and losers, you focus on what the scientists are telling you is the science of the 21st century. >> when we come back, we will show you another lesson on job creation in a very unlikely place, a desert oasis in the middle east. stay with us. citracal slow rele continuously releases calcium plus d with efficient absorption in one daily dose. citracal slow release. with less chronic osteoarthritis pain. imagine living your life with less chronic low back pain. imagine you, with less pain. cymbalta can help. cymbalta is fda-approved to manage chronic musculoskeletal pain. one non-narcotic pill a day, every day, can help reduce this pain. tell your doctor right away if your mood worsens, you have unusual changes in mood or behavior or thoughts of suicide. antidepressants can increase these in children, teens, and young adults. cymbalta is not approved for children under 18. people taking maois or thioridazine or with uncontrolled glaucoma should not take cymbalta.

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specific cities to help create jobs can be a hit or a miss proposition. but there's one industry in america with tremendous phone information job growth and it needs fewer regulations, not government money. the tourism industry, and few places do tourism better than dubai, one of the united arab emirates on the persian gulf. the world's tallest building, over half a mile high, man-made islands shaped like a palm tree, sprouting with luxury hotels. there's even an indoor ski slope in this desert oasis, eventually located in a shopping mall. dubai stops at nothing to woo tourists and when tourists come and spend their money, they are like walking job stimulus program. >> create about a 1 million jobs by the end of this decade just from travel and tourism. >> reporter: fritz van houten is passion is the ceo of starwood

hotels and resorts, the company that owns the sheraton, wednesday and hotel brands. starwood has 15 necessary cube by more than any other? world, except new york. that's remarkable, considering dubai's small size, a little over 2 million people. 30 years ago, people didn't think of going there now if you are in europe, especially if you are in russia, it is a place people go. >> reporter: by 2020, hotel guests are expected to triple and dubai aims to create 950,000 jobs, fuelled by tourism and related sectors. >> this idea that a small city state could create 1 million jobs in a decade that is an enormous amount of growth. >> reporter: dubai's success in tourism comes at a perfect time because straight booming across the world. companies like china, brazil and

india have rapidly growing middle classes keen to see the world. almost 18 million chinese are expected to travel outside their country this year, according to chinese government that number is expected to be over 100 million in 2015. >> reporter: u.s. has been missing out on that opportunity in a big way. after 9/11, america tightened its visa policies to improve security. partly as a result, the travel industry says we have lost around one-third of our share of the international travel market. the good news is we can turn things around. this is the country everyone wants to come to. >> if the u.s. could get back to what it has lost in the last decade would amount to 1.3 million jobs, which is roughly 20% of the total number of jobs th were lost in the entire crisis. that's a big number. >> reporter: what can learn from dubai to boost tourism at home?

lesson number one, make those visas easier to come by. dubai hands out visas to many foreign nationals right at the airport. we can't do that for every tourist but we could at least make it easier for people to apply for visas. >> we have five places you can get a visa in china that is in a country with 170 cities of over 1 million people. so, in fact, so many people have to take a trip before they make the trip. >> reporter: the cost of more visa processing, would easily be paid for by the increase in tourism business. lesson number two, promote your tourist destination. promote it like there's no tomorrow. dubai has its own department of tourism and the united arab emirates marketing efforts have been ranked first by the world economic forum. washington has historically has had little involvement in wooing tourists.

♪ land of dreams >> reporter: things are changing, slightly. the president and congress created brand usa, a public/private entity that will promote america abroad and the state department has improved visa processing and says that wait times are dropping but with greater ambition and the courage to do away with bureaucratic obstacles, this industry could grow mightily. >> the way i would describe it as a business person it is a good start it is not mission accomplished. >> reporter: there's one area where we are still way behind. lesson number three from dubai, infrastructure. right now the airport for this tiny city/state is one of the world's busiest.

not bad for a place that was only a small fishing village a few decades ago. >> this is a lesson that the u.s. has taught the rest of the world. there probably wasn't a very good reason to go to los angeles a couple of decades ago. could make the same argument about orlando. but u.s. business created those areas as a destination. created jobs, created an industry that the rest of the world took notice of and has done a wonderful job of copying some areas. when we come back, we will return to the united states and show you an experiment in infrastructure that's turning heads and will create jobs in the windy city of chicago. stay with us. it's kevin's sma. mom's smartphone... dad's tablet... or lauren's smartphone... at&t has a plan built to help make families' lives easier. introducing at&t mobile share. one plan lets you share data

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in 2002, the world economic forum ranked infrastructure fifth in the world for the u.s. in the latest report, we are 25th. why? well, these days, the rest of the developed world spending substantially more on infrastructure than we do many emerging markets do even more. china spends 9% of its gdp on infrastructure to our 2.4%.

our bridges are falling down, our power grid is antique, our water mains are bursting and where are the great projects of the future? with borrowing costs lower than ever before in history, why can't we invest more and start putting people to work doing it? one man is on a mission to do just that. at least in his windy city. >> you can't have a 21st century economy sitting at 20th century foundation. >> reporter: chicago mayor rahm emmanuel, the notoriously sharp-witted. >> how dare you. >> reporter: and sharp-tongued former chief of staff for president obama has a bold plan to rebuild his city. >> when i secured agreement to come to work for my presidential campaign, neither one of us had gray hair. >> reporter: and he is getting help from an old friend. >> what you are doing here is the first, in effect, infrastructure bank using

private capital that any city in the united states has established. this is a huge deal. >> reporter: the chicago infrastructure trust is mayor emanuel's plan to tap private investors to pay for big infrastructure projects that the government can no longer afford. the private investors would expect returns from project revenues, savings or fees. it's a model that's been successful all over the world, from the expansion of europe's largest port in rotterdam to the creation of the world's largest eco city. >> this is a classic example of what works in the modern world. >> reporter: everywhere, that is, except in america, until now. the chicago nonprofit trust intends to pour $7.2 billion

into adding runways to o'hare and much more. >> the next three years, create 30,000 jobs in the building trades area. engineers, electrical worker, all going to work. >> reporter: citigroup is among those who expressed interest but no proposals have yet been put forth and no money has yet been invested, by any of the potential private partners. america used to have the world's best infrastructure. in the 1950s, american highways, parks, state universities and airports were the envy of the world. >> when this country invested 4% of its economic gdp in infrastructure, our economy grew at 4%. not exactly 8 but close. when we scaled back our

investments as a country to 2%, our economy grew at that level. >> reporter: and with the government investing less, emanuel is taking matters into his own hands. his first project, an energy retrofit of several public buildings, including the chicago cultural center, one of the city's largest energy consumers. >> this is the one we call in the boiler world, aarp, senior citizen? >> yes, exactly. right. right. >> all right. >> reporter: retrofit would shave the city's energy bill by 25% over the next three years. >> these were put in 1974. >> reporter: the city plans to take those utility bills savings, an estimated $20 million a year, and use that to pay back potential investors for the $225 million retrofit. in addition to increasing efficiency, emmanuel says, he has to make up for a century of neglect.

>> this 1885. >> reporter: just look at the water system. more than 3,800 water pipes broke in chicago the last year alone, costing the city tens of millions of dollars. so he is repairing or replacing 900 miles of water pipe over the next decade. the city council voted overwhelmingly to pass the trust and will get approval on all projects. but critics question whether it's a smart move. they point to the bungled 75-year lease of the city's parking meters by the previous mayor in return for quick cash to cover the city's budget shortfall in 2008. >> there's a role for public/private partnerships, selling an asset is the private taking over a public entity. that's the wrong way to go, in my view. >> reporter: whatever happens with emanuel's experiment, this is not just a chicago story, according to brookings senior fellow robert fuentes. >> there's a lot of questions.

i think the folks are very eager to understand how this is going to work. whatever happens, positive or negative, chicago lessons will absolutely have a ripple effect across the country. >> reporter: the chicago infrastructure trust is perhaps a local version of the national infrastructure bank, an idea not even rahm emanuel could push through during his time at the white house. why did the national infrastructure bank idea not take off? >> because it's -- got caught up in both the politics of not making sure the president doesn't have a win and also in the politics of ideology. >> reporter: for his part, emanuel say we need jobs now and need modern infrastructure for the long term and he is done waiting for the gridlock to clear in washington or the state capital. >> the infrastructure trust allows us to actually start to unlock our future, take control of our destiny and not leave it beholden to either the problem, the challenges or the disfunction of either washington or springfield.

>> reporter: infrastructure spending is the fastest way to create jobs, especially in the construction sector, the hardest hit by the recession. an investment here lays the foundation for our economy to remain competitive for decades to come. up next, my thoughts on putting america to work. jack, you're a little boring. boring. boring. [ jack ] after lauren broke up with me, i went to the citi private pass page and decided to be...not boring.

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we have watched how countries around the world have created jobs, with lessons for how we might do some of the same, but before we talk about the technicalities of training programs, boosting tourism and funding technology, there is a larger question that many americans wonder about, should the government do anything at all? should it just get out of the way? this debate is on display in the american presidential campaign. on the one hand, president obama has been making the case that the economy needs investments in infrastructure, education, training, science and

technology. those investments and the president's telling, are the key drivers of american growth, jobs and industries. as we saw that is certainly how the german and south korean governments have approached growth. >> it's wonderful to be with you. thank you. >> reporter: governor romney, on the other hand, argues that america needs tax and regulatory relief. the country is overburdened by mandate, taxes and rules that make it difficult for businesses to function, grow and prosper, he says. he wants to cut taxes, reduce regulations and streamline government. and looking at places from switzerland to singapore to dubai, you can see that being friendly to business and to tourists can produce an economic bonanza. in some areas, like infrastructure, most agree that the government must act and the need is urgent. if you defer maintenance on your house, the house deteriorates

and eventually, you actually have to pay more. that is what we are doing with our infrastructure. rather than fix it now when borough costs are at historic lows, we are passing a much bigger bill to our children as i mentioned, the world economic forum ranks us 25th in the world in infrastructure, down from fifth only a decade ago. education may be more complex, just spending money isn't the answer, but the problem is clear. in the 1970s, america led the world in the number of college graduates. as of 2009, we are 14th among rich countries. and the jobs of the future will all require more education than in the past. or take federal funding for research and development, which is at half the share of gdp that it was in 1960, according to the national science foundation. industry policy is more controversial, though historically, there is no question that the u.s. government has provided massive support for industries like

aircraft, semiconductors and the internet. fracking, by the way, was a technique pioneered with funding and help by the department of energy. let's be clear though, governor romney has a case to make as well. we get terrible marks on taxes and regulation. on the burden of government regulation the united states ranks 76th, with a score of 3.3 on a total scale of from zero to seven, on the extent and effect of taxation you can the united states ranks 69th out of 144 countries on total tax rate, percentage of profit, the united states came in 103rd out of 144. now the truth is that overall, the u.s. economy remains highly

competitive the world economic forums report ranks the u.s. overall as the seventh most competitive in the world. that's why a few months ago, "the economist" magazine predicted an american renaissance. where we have slipped badly of late is in our investments, in people, science and infrastructure. so, president obama's message is urgent and relevant. but why do we have to choose between these two views? we need tax and regulatory reform to make ourselves competitive. america has to make itself attractive for investors, consumers and tourists alike but also should make the crucial investments we need for a 21st century economy. these two views look at the same challenge from different perspectives. governor romney's right to look at the world that companies operate in with its challenges and opportunities. over the last 20 years as communism collapsed and socialism discredited there have been lower taxes and stream lining of regulations.

the u.s. has to stay competitive or over the long run, investment, industry and jobs will move to other lands. president obama's view looks at the world from a perspective from an america worker. as more countries joint global economy, these workers face intense competition from much cheaper labor. mckenzie estimates that between 1980 and 2010, the pool of workers in the world expanded by 1.2 billion as chinese, indian, indonesian and africans moved from rural villages to cities and started to work in factories and offices. add to that the powerful effects of technology, which make it easier to get work done with fewer workers. we live in exciting times of globalization and amazing technological revolutions. some, those at the top, large companies, will be able to ride through an exciting and expanding new landscape.

but many americans will need help to better prepare themselves to compete in this brave new world. don't forget, you can catch my regular show, "gps" on sundays at 10 a.m. eastern and pacific in north america. thanks to all of you for tuning in. some of the behaviors of the united states in our region encourages extremism. perhaps because they